The cornea is the clear, protective outer layer of the eye. Shaped like a dome, it helps to protect the eye from foreign bodies and also plays an important role in vision.
A wide range of diseases and disorders can affect the cornea. Even seemingly minor eye irritations can lead to scarring and ulcers, so it’s important to seek prompt medical advice.
Some common corneal conditions are described below.
Depending on the specific corneal condition involved, symptoms may include:
Corneal abrasions (scratches) are the most common type of eye injury. No matter how minor the injury seems, it’s important to see your doctor or optometrist to make sure it doesn’t develop into a bigger problem.
Always wear eye protection when working with hand tools to prevent a foreign object scratching or penetrating the cornea.
Signs include irritation, watering, the sensation of foreign material in your eye, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, redness, swelling and pain. If your eye is injured, see your doctor or optometrist straight away to prevent complications, such as infection or scarring.
If contact lenses are left in too long, there is a risk of corneal abrasion and infection. Poor hygiene can leave your cornea vulnerable to bacteria, fungi or parasites. This includes reusing the contact lens solution and/or not cleaning the lenses or lens case properly,
You should always check the manufacturers guidelines or follow your optometrist’s advice regarding how to use and look after your contact lenses.
If you experience pain or inflammation, get your eye checked immediately. Always have your contact lenses reviewed regularly by an optometrist.
Corneal dystrophies are mostly asymptomatic in the early stages. Anyone with a genetic disposition should have their eyes regularly checked by an optometrist, who can refer you to an ophthalmologist if necessary.
For a full reference list, visit the corneal FAQ page.
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The information on this page is general in nature. All medical and surgical procedures have potential benefits and risks. Consult your ophthalmologist for specific medical advice.
Date last reviewed: 2024-07-22 | Date for next review: 2026-07-22
